CF150 Antibody (Center) [APR03444G]

CF150 Antibody (Center) [APR03444G] | Gentaur UK, US & Europe Distribution

Product Category: Polyclonal Antibodies

Host: Rabbit

Species Reactivity: H

Specificity: This CF150 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 266-295 amino acids from the Central region of human CF150.

Cellular Localisation: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Note=In resting conditions, localizes at the cell membrane as a peripheral membrane protein by binding to phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns (4, 5) P2) (PubMed:30827685) . Localization at the cell membrane is required to limit the recognition of self-DNA (PubMed:30827685) . Following detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), released from the cell membrane into the cytosol in order to signal (PubMed:30827685) . Upon transfection with dsDNA forms punctate structures that co-localize with DNA and Beclin-1 (BECN1) (PubMed:26048138) . Phosphorylation at Tyr-215 promotes cytosolic retention; translocates into the nucleus following dephosphorylation (PubMed:30356214) .

Molecular Weight: 58814

Clone: Polyclonal

Gene Name: CGAS {ECO:0000303|PubMed:23258413, ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:21367}

Gene ID: 115004

Function: Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and plays a key role in innate immunity (PubMed:23258413, PubMed:23707061, PubMed:23722159, PubMed:24077100, PubMed:25131990, PubMed:29976794, PubMed:30799039) . Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2', 5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3', 5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G (2', 5') pA (3', 5') p] (PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28214358) . Acts as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses (PubMed:28363908) . Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production (PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28314590) . Preferentially recognizes and binds curved long DNAs (PubMed:30007416) . In contrast to other mammals, human CGAS displays species-specific mechanisms of DNA recognition and produces less cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), allowing a more fine-tuned response to pathogens (PubMed:30007416) . Has antiviral activity by sensing the presence of dsDNA from DNA viruses in the cytoplasm (PubMed:28363908) . Also acts as an innate immune sensor of infection by retroviruses, such as HIV-1, by detecting the presence of reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol (PubMed:23929945) . Detection of retroviral reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol may be indirect and be mediated via interaction with PQBP1, which directly binds reverse-transcribed retroviral DNA (PubMed:26046437) . Also detects the presence of DNA from bacteria, such as M.tuberculosis (PubMed:26048138) . cGAMP can be transferred from producing cells to neighboring cells through gap junctions, leading to promote TMEM173/STING activation and convey immune response to connecting cells (PubMed:24077100) . cGAMP can also be transferred between cells by virtue of packaging within viral particles contributing to IFN- induction in newly infected cells in a cGAS-independent but TMEM173/STING-dependent manner (PubMed:26229115) . In addition to antiviral activity, also involved in the response to cellular stresses, such as senescence, DNA damage or genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889) . Acts as a regulator of cellular senescence by binding to cytosolic chromatin fragments that are present in senescent cells, leading to trigger type-I interferon production via TMEM173/STING and promote cellular senescence (By similarity) . Also involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks: acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889) . Micronuclei, which as frequently found in cancer cells, consist of chromatin surrounded by its own nuclear membrane: following breakdown of the micronuclear envelope, a process associated with chromothripsis, CGAS binds self-DNA exposed to the cytosol, leading to cGAMP synthesis and subsequent activation of TMEM173/STING and type-I interferon production (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889) . Acts as a suppressor of DNA repair in response to DNA damage: translocates to the nucleus following dephosphorylation at Tyr-215 and inhibits homologous recombination repair by interacting with PARP1, the CGAS-PARP1 interaction leading to impede the formation of the PARP1-TIMELESS complex (PubMed:30356214) .

Summary: Tissue Location: Expressed in the monocytic cell line THP1.

Form: Purified polyclonal antibody supplied in PBS with 0.09% (W/V) sodium azide. This antibody is purified through a protein A column, followed by peptide affinity purification.

Storage: Maintain refrigerated at 2-8°C for up to 2 weeks. For long term storage store at -20°C in small aliquots to prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

Application: WB, FC

Dilution: WB--1:1000 FC--1:25

Synonyms: Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, cGAMP synthase, cGAS, h-cGAS, Mab-21 domain-containing protein 1, MB21D1, C6orf150